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Changes in White-Matter Connectivity in Late Second Language Learners: Evidence from Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Eleonora Rossi1,2, Hu Cheng3, Judith F Kroll2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Sociology, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|December 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Learning a second language (L2) later in life induces significant white matter brain changes. Higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in key brain networks correlates with earlier L2 acquisition, highlighting neuroplasticity effects.

Keywords:
age of acquisitionbilingualismdiffusion tensor imagingneuroplasticitysecond language learning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Brain structure changes with learning, particularly second language (L2) acquisition.
  • The impact of L2 proficiency and age of acquisition on neuroplasticity remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how bilingualism affects white matter structure in proficient, late L2 learners.
  • Examine the relationship between L2 acquisition age and neural changes.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure white matter integrity.
  • Analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) values in specific white matter tracts.
  • Correlation analysis between FA values and age of L2 acquisition.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) were observed in L2 learners.
  • Higher FA values were found in widespread white matter networks, including the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), Uncinate Fasciculus (UF), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF).
  • FA values correlated with the age of L2 acquisition.

Conclusions:

  • Second language learning, even after childhood, induces measurable changes in white matter structure.
  • The age of L2 acquisition influences the extent of neural plasticity observed in white matter networks.