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Early Clinical Expressions of Insulin Resistance: The Real Enemy to Look For

René Rodríguez-Gutiérrez1,2,3, Alejandro Salcido-Montenegro1, José Gerardo González-González4,5

  • 1Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64460, Mexico.

Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders
|December 7, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Early detection and treatment of insulin resistance, a precursor to type 2 diabetes, is crucial. Focusing on clinical signs like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can help prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a global public health threat, with current prevention strategies for complications proving ineffective.
  • Existing approaches often focus on hyperglycemia, overlooking earlier pathophysiological drivers like insulin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for a paradigm shift in T2DM prevention, prioritizing early detection and management of insulin resistance.
  • To highlight specific clinical manifestations of insulin resistance as potential targets for early intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established clinical manifestations associated with insulin resistance.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiological link between insulin resistance and the development of T2DM and cardiovascular disease.

Main Results:

  • Insulin resistance is a key early mechanism in T2DM development, preceding hyperglycemia by years.
  • Conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, androgenic alopecia, acanthosis nigricans, and polycystic ovarian syndrome are recognized early clinical signs of insulin resistance.
  • These conditions signify an elevated risk for future T2DM and cardiovascular complications.

Conclusions:

  • A proactive strategy focusing on the "insulin resistance clinical syndrome" is essential for combating the T2DM epidemic.
  • Early identification and rigorous treatment of patients exhibiting clinical signs of insulin resistance are paramount.
  • This approach offers a more effective means of preventing T2DM and its associated chronic complications.
Keywords:
Acanthosis nigricansAndrogenic alopeciaInsulin resistanceNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseasePolycystic ovarian syndromeType 2 diabetes mellitus

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