Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

10.0K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
10.0K
The Retina01:32

The Retina

76.9K
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
76.9K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

9.5K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
9.5K
Vision01:24

Vision

60.4K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
60.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical Ophthalmology Consultations in Paediatric Inpatient Rehabilitation-A Retrospective Case-Note Analysis.

Journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Spiritual needs in palliative care inpatients: a four-year analysis of clinical data from a tertiary care center.

BMC palliative care·2026
Same author

Outcome of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in a Paediatric Population.

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde·2026
Same author

Discrepancies Between Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based eGFR Estimation in Palliative Care Patients and Their Implications on Drug Dosing.

Journal of palliative medicine·2026
Same author

Functional and structural outcomes in paediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): a prospective study.

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology·2026
Same author

The Phenotypic and Genotypic Features of ADAMTSL4-Related Ocular Disease.

Clinical genetics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo
08:17

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Published on: September 22, 2017

20.2K

Retinal Ganglion Cell Topography in Patients With Visual Pathway Pathology.

Simon Zehnder1, Hannes Wildberger, James V M Hanson

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology (SZ, HW, JVMH, SP, KL, CG-K), Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research (JVMH, SL), Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroradiology (WW), University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
|December 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Intracranial lesions impact retinal layers, with ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thinning more common than retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning. Papillomacular bundle (PMB) RNFL thickness is key for detecting anterior visual pathway abnormalities.

More Related Videos

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

6.9K
Author Spotlight: Advancements in In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Imaging for Improved Glaucoma Diagnosis and Treatment
07:02

Author Spotlight: Advancements in In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Imaging for Improved Glaucoma Diagnosis and Treatment

Published on: June 30, 2023

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo
08:17

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Published on: September 22, 2017

20.2K
Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

6.9K
Author Spotlight: Advancements in In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Imaging for Improved Glaucoma Diagnosis and Treatment
07:02

Author Spotlight: Advancements in In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Imaging for Improved Glaucoma Diagnosis and Treatment

Published on: June 30, 2023

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Intracranial lesions can affect the visual pathway, impacting retinal structures.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for diagnosing and managing visual field defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effects of intracranial lesions on the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) complex and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL).
  • To differentiate the sensitivity of GCL-IPL and RNFL measurements in detecting visual pathway damage.

Main Methods:

  • Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure macular GCL-IPL and peripapillary/papillomacular bundle (PMB) RNFL thickness.
  • Patients with optic chiasm (Group I) or optic tract/lateral geniculate nucleus (Group II) lesions were compared to healthy controls.
  • Z-scores were calculated to identify statistically significant thinning compared to normative data.

Main Results:

  • Significant GCL-IPL thinning was observed in most patients, particularly binasal thinning in Group I and corresponding to visual field defects in Group II.
  • RNFL thinning was less consistently observed, though PMB RNFL thinning (bow-tie atrophy) was evident in all Group II patients.
  • Severity of GCL-IPL and RNFL thinning varied, with Group I showing more complex patterns.

Conclusions:

  • GCL-IPL abnormalities are more frequently detected than global peripapillary RNFL changes in patients with visual pathway lesions.
  • Papillomacular bundle (PMB) RNFL thickness measurement is a valuable tool for detecting anterior visual pathway abnormalities.
  • PMB thickness should be prioritized when performing peripapillary RNFL measurements in these patients.