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Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
864
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

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Effective use of insulin.

Nancy J V Bohannon

    Postgraduate Medicine
    |December 7, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Effective diabetes management requires balancing diet, exercise, and insulin. Understanding factors influencing insulin action, including the "less is more" concept, is key for patients to optimize blood glucose control.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Diseases
    • Diabetes Management

    Background:

    • Day-to-day diabetes control necessitates balancing diet, exercise, and insulin dosage.
    • Regular self blood glucose monitoring is crucial for achieving this balance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explain simple concepts for the most effective use of insulin.
    • To educate patients on factors affecting insulin action.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of established diabetes management principles.
    • Explanation of insulin pharmacodynamics and influencing factors.

    Main Results:

    • Patients need to understand that "less is sometimes more" regarding insulin.
    • Familiarity with factors affecting insulin action improves control.

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    Assessing Insulin Clearance in Mice via In Situ Liver Perfusion
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    Assessing Insulin Clearance in Mice via In Situ Liver Perfusion

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    Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
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    Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

    Published on: June 11, 2012

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    Assessing Insulin Clearance in Mice via In Situ Liver Perfusion
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    Assessing Insulin Clearance in Mice via In Situ Liver Perfusion

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    Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
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    Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

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    Conclusions:

    • Effective insulin use is achievable through understanding key concepts.
    • Patient education on insulin"s effects is vital for optimal diabetes self-management.