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Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Diffusion tensor imaging detects ventilation-induced brain injury in preterm lambs.

Dhafer M Alahmari1,2,3, Kyra Y Y Chan4, Vanesa Stojanovska4

  • 1Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.

Plos One
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Injurious mechanical ventilation causes white matter brain injury in preterm infants. This study used MRI to show that combined inflammatory and haemodynamic pathways worsen brain injury more than inflammation alone.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging in preterm infants
  • White matter injury mechanisms

Background:

  • Mechanical ventilation can cause white matter (WM) injury in preterm infants via inflammatory and haemodynamic pathways.
  • The specific contributions of these pathways to brain injury remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect WM brain injury 24 hours after injurious mechanical ventilation in preterm lambs.
  • To determine if combined inflammatory and haemodynamic pathways, induced by umbilical cord occlusion (UCO), exacerbate brain injury compared to inflammatory pathways alone.

Main Methods:

  • Preterm lambs at 124±2 days gestation underwent either injurious ventilation (inflammatory pathway) or injurious ventilation with umbilical cord occlusion (inflammatory and haemodynamic pathways).
  • Control groups included sham surgery and unoperated controls.
  • Twenty-four hours post-intervention, lambs underwent brain MRI, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Main Results:

  • Lambs exposed to combined inflammatory and haemodynamic pathways (INJ+UCO) showed significantly decreased creatine and choline concentrations (MRS) compared to controls.
  • Lower axial and mean diffusivities (DTI) were observed in the frontal WM and internal capsule in both injurious ventilation groups (INJ and INJ+UCO) compared to controls.
  • DTI colour mapping suggested additive effects of haemodynamic and inflammatory pathways on WM diffusivity.

Conclusions:

  • Twenty-four hours after injurious ventilation, DTI and MRS detected increased brain injury in ventilated lambs compared to controls.
  • The combination of haemodynamic and inflammatory pathways appears to have additive effects on the progression of brain injury, exceeding the impact of the inflammatory pathway alone.