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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Repression of Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth In Vivo by Single-wall Carbon Nanotube SWCNT-delivered MALAT1 Antisense Oligos
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Aberrant lncRNA Expression in Multiple Myeloma.

Hui Meng1, Lei Han2, Chun Hong1

  • 1Department of Medical Laboratory, Wuhan General Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, P.R. China.

Oncology Research
|December 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis. Aberrant lncRNA expression in MM offers potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this incurable cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow malignancy characterized by clonal plasma cell dysplasia and organ damage from M protein secretion.
  • While novel treatments have improved survival, MM remains incurable.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), RNA molecules over 200 nucleotides, are emerging as key regulators in various diseases, including MM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.
  • To discuss the potential of lncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for MM.
  • To explore lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for MM treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lncRNA expression and function in MM.
  • Analysis of the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of dysregulated lncRNAs in MM development and progression.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on lncRNAs in MM pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant expression of specific lncRNAs has been identified in multiple myeloma.
  • These dysregulated lncRNAs can influence MM development and progression through oncogenic or tumor-suppressive mechanisms.
  • lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles in MM.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.
  • Dysregulated lncRNAs present potential as prognostic indicators for MM patients.
  • lncRNAs represent promising targets for the development of novel MM therapies.