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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Detection of Nuclear Blebbing and DNA Leakage in Mammalian Cells by Immunofluorescence
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Bypassing Border Control: Nuclear Envelope Rupture in Disease.

Gaëlle Houthaeve1,2, Joke Robijns1, Kevin Braeckmans2,3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

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The nuclear envelope (NE) can transiently rupture in cells, causing material exchange and disrupting cellular balance. This rupture, especially with DNA damage, may lead to genome instability and impact overall physiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Recent observations indicate transient nuclear envelope (NE) rupture occurs in laminopathy and cancer cells during interphase.
  • Nuclear envelope rupture leads to uncoordinated exchange of nuclear and cytoplasmic materials.
  • This exchange can deregulate cellular homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the implications of nuclear envelope rupture in cellular physiology.
  • To explore the link between nuclear envelope rupture and genome instability.
  • To identify nuclear envelope rupture as a potential pathogenic mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of laminopathy patient cells.
  • Examination of cancer cells.
  • Observation of interphase nuclear envelope dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear envelope rupture was observed in patient and cancer cells during interphase.
  • NE rupture causes a deregulated exchange of nuclear and cytoplasmic material.
  • Concurrent DNA damage may prime cells for genome instability following NE rupture.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear envelope rupture is a significant cellular event with potential pathogenic roles.
  • NE rupture can deregulate cellular homeostasis and contribute to genome instability.
  • This mechanism has broad implications for cell and organism physiology.