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Alexis T Baria1, Maria V Centeno1, Mariam E Ghantous1

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|December 8, 2017
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Summary

Local brain signal variability, not global information integration, reliably distinguishes wakefulness from anesthesia-induced unconsciousness in rats. Heightened blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) variability is a key indicator of conscious brain activity.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • The neurophysiological mechanisms of consciousness remain poorly understood.
  • Previous studies suggested information content and integration measures could define neural underpinnings of consciousness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain activity and functional connectivity changes between awake and isoflurane-anesthetized unconscious states in rats.
  • To compare multiple information measures for their ability to distinguish conscious states.

Main Methods:

  • Examined nine information measures including blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) variability and functional connectivity in 68 rats.
  • Assessed BOLD functional networks using modularity, efficiency, complexity measures, and power spectrums.
  • Corrected for motion and respiration confounds to ensure reliable comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Only fMRI BOLD variability and absolute power were significantly higher in the awake state compared to anesthesia.
  • Global measures of information integration did not reliably distinguish between wakefulness and anesthesia.
  • Heightened local BOLD variability robustly differentiated wakefulness states.

Conclusions:

  • Local BOLD signal variability is a more reliable indicator of wakefulness than global information integration measures.
  • Results challenge the general applicability of global information measures for identifying consciousness levels.
  • Heightened overall BOLD variability is the most reliable determinant of conscious brain activity under the studied conditions.