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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Working memory: Differences between young adults and the aged in listening tasks.

Maria Isabel d'Ávila Freitas1, Ariella Fornachari Ribeiro2, Márcia Radanovic3

  • 1Master in Speech Pathology. Specialist in Speech Therapy - Department of Physioterapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy. Faculty of Medical Sciences of University of São Paulo.

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|December 8, 2017
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Summary

Older adults show significantly reduced working memory performance compared to younger adults, especially when recalling more information. Sentence processing remains unaffected by age in this listening task.

Keywords:
elderlylanguageshort-term memoryyoung

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Aging Research

Background:

  • Working memory is crucial for complex cognitive tasks.
  • Age-related declines in working memory performance are well-documented, with older adults typically underperforming younger adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in the processing and storage functions of working memory.
  • To analyze working memory performance in a listening task across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Employed an adapted Listening Span test with 59 educated participants (19-76 years old) divided into young and aged groups.
  • Participants judged sentence truthfulness (processing) and recalled sentence-ending words (storage).

Main Results:

  • Both young and aged adults performed similarly in the sentence judgment task.
  • Recall performance declined in both groups as the number of sentences increased.
  • Significant differences in recall emerged from retaining 3 items, with aged adults performing worse than young adults.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory's storage function is more susceptible to age-related decline than its processing function.
  • Increased memory load exacerbates age-related differences in working memory performance.