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Cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy: Changing concepts
Agessandro Abrahão1, Livia Almeida Dutra1, Pedro Braga Neto1
1Division of General Neurology and Ataxias, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
Abstract:
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized by a variable combination of cerebellar ataxia, parkinsonism and pyramidal signs associated with autonomic failure. Classically, cognitive impairment was not considered a clinical feature of MSA and dementia was pointed out as an exclusion diagnostic criteria. Based on comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, cognitive impairment was found to be a frequent feature in MSA, and clinically-defined dementia is now reported in 14-16% of cases. This article reviews the current data on cognitive impairment in MSA along with its neuropsychological profile and pathophysiology.
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