Executive functions as a potential neurocognitive endophenotype in anxiety disorders: A systematic review considering
Juliana de Lima Muller1, Kamilla Irigaray Torquato2, Gisele Gus Manfro3
1Psychologist. Doctoral student at the Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
Abstract:
Evidence in the literature indicates that neurocognitive impairments may represent endophenotypes in psychiatric disorders.
Objective:
This study aimed to conduct a systematic review on executive functions as a potential neurocognitive endophenotype in anxiety disorder diagnosis according to the DSM-IV and DSM-5 classifications.
Methods:
A literature search of the LILACS, Cochrane Library, Index Psi Periódicos Técnico-Científicos, PubMed and PsycInfo databases was conducted, with no time limits. Of the 259 studies found, 14 were included in this review.
Results:
Only studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were found. The executive function components of decision-making, planning, response inhibition, behavioral reversal/alternation, reversal learning and set-shifting/cognitive flexibility were considered to be a neurocognitive endophenotypes in OCD.
Conclusion:
Further studies on executive functions as a neurocognitive endophenotype in other anxiety disorders are needed since these may have different neurocognitive endophenotypes and require other prevention and treatment approaches.
Related Concept Videos
Anxiety: Overview
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic circuitry.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder


