Folic acid level and preterm birth among Sudanese women

Preterm birth (PTB) is the major health problem world-wide; there are few published studies on PTB and folic acid.

The study was conducted to assess the serum level of folic acid in PTB. A case-control study was conducted at Saad Abualila maternity hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) during the period of March through December 2015. Women who delivered live singleton babies were dived in two groups; the cases were women who had PTB "delivery before completed 37weeks but after 24 weeks of pregnancy" and the controls were women who delivered at term (37-42 weeks). Medical and obstetrics history was gathered using questionnaire. Serum folic acid was measured.

One hundred and twelve (56 in arm of the study) women were enrolled to the study. There was no significant difference between the cases and the controls in their age, parity, hemoglobin, body mass index, education and occupation. The median (interquartile) level of folic acid was significantly lower in the cases (PTB) than the level in the controls, 4.8(2.8-8.2) vs. 9.5(8.6-12.0) ng/ml. In binary regression, folic acid level was associated with lower risk of PTB (OR=0.64; 95%=0.53-0.77, P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between gestational age and folic acid level (r = 0.447, P<0.001).

Thus serum folic acid level was significantly lower in women with PTB. Folic acid level was associated with lower risk of PTB.