Extraction of triterpenoids and phenolic compounds from Ganoderma lucidum: optimization study using the response...

Area of Science:

• Natural Product Chemistry
• Pharmacognosy
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom rich in bioactive compounds like triterpenoids and phenolics.
• Efficient extraction methods are crucial for isolating these compounds for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
• Traditional extraction methods may be time-consuming and less effective.

Purpose of the Study:

• To optimize extraction conditions for triterpenoids and phenolic compounds from Ganoderma lucidum.
• To compare the efficacy of heat-assisted extraction (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with Soxhlet extraction.
• To characterize the bioactive compounds in the optimized extracts.

Main Methods:

• Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a central composite design was employed to optimize HAE and UAE.
• Key variables optimized included extraction time, ethanol concentration, and temperature (HAE) or ultrasonic power (UAE).
• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) was used for compound characterization.

Main Results:

• Optimized conditions for HAE: 78.9 min, 90.0 °C, 62.5% ethanol.
• Optimized conditions for UAE: 40 min, 100.0 W, 89.5% ethanol.
• UAE was more effective, yielding 4.9% extraction yield with 435.6 mg g^-1 triterpenes and 106.6 mg g^-1 total phenolics.

Conclusions:

• Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is a highly efficient method for extracting triterpenoids and phenolic compounds from Ganoderma lucidum.
• Optimized UAE significantly enhances the recovery of bioactive compounds compared to HAE and Soxhlet extraction.
• The characterized extracts hold potential for various health applications.