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Decrease in Mandibular Cortical in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Poor Glycemic Control.

Francisco Ivison Rodrigues Limeira1, Patrícia Ravena Meneses Rebouças1, Denise Nóbrega Diniz1

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is linked to reduced mandibular cortical bone density and increased alterations. Poor T1DM control significantly worsens these bone changes, impacting oral health.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition affecting bone metabolism.
  • Mandibular cortical bone changes may serve as an indicator of systemic health in T1DM patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of T1DM on mandibular cortical bone morphology.
  • To correlate T1DM control and complications with observed bone changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of digital panoramic images from 50 T1DM patients and 100 controls.
  • Utilized Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI) and quantitative indexes (MI, GI, AI, UPMI, LPMI).
  • Statistical analysis including descriptive and inferential tests (p≤0.05).

Main Results:

  • T1DM patients exhibited higher frequencies of mandibular cortical alterations (p<0.01).
  • Statistically significant differences in quantitative indexes were observed, with T1DM patients showing lower measures.
  • Poor T1DM control was associated with a higher frequency of alterations (92.3%) and lower index means (p≤0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Patients with T1DM demonstrate decreased mandibular cortical bone compared to non-diabetics.
  • Poor glycemic control in T1DM is significantly associated with mandibular bone alterations.