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From Commensal to Consumer: Staphylococcus aureus Toxins, Diseases, and Detection Methods

Angela T Nguyen1, Sandra M Tallent1

  • 1U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Dr, College Park, MD 20740, USA.

Journal of AOAC International
|December 9, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Staphylococcus aureus toxins cause various infections. This review covers diseases linked to these toxins and discusses current detection methods, including their pros and cons.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium.
  • It is a common commensal organism but also a significant pathogen.
  • S. aureus possesses various virulence factors contributing to disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Staphylococcus aureus toxins in disease.
  • To discuss diseases caused by S. aureus toxins.
  • To evaluate current methods for detecting these toxins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies on S. aureus virulence factors, specifically toxins.
  • Examination of diagnostic and detection methodologies for bacterial toxins.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus aureus secretes numerous toxins that are key virulence factors.
  • These toxins are responsible for a spectrum of diseases, ranging from skin infections to life-threatening conditions.
  • Current toxin detection methods vary in sensitivity, specificity, and practicality.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial toxins are critical determinants of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity.
  • Understanding toxin-mediated diseases is essential for effective treatment and prevention.
  • Further development of robust and accessible toxin detection assays is warranted.

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