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Contests versus Norms: Implications of Contest-Based and Norm-Based Intervention Techniques
Magnus Bergquist1, Andreas Nilsson1, André Hansla1
1Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Contests encourage intensive environmental behavior, while norm-based interventions foster future intentions and broader pro-environmental norms. Both strategies influence environmental behavioral change through different goal-framing approaches.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Psychology
- Behavioral Science
- Goal-Framing Theory
Background:
- Environmental behavioral change is crucial.
- Research comparing contest-based and norm-based interventions is limited.
- Goal-framing theory provides a framework for understanding intervention effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the differential impacts of contest-based versus norm-based interventions on environmental behavior.
- To examine how these interventions align with gain goals and normative goals based on Goal-framing theory.
Main Methods:
- Two studies were conducted with 347 participants randomly assigned to either a contest or norm-based intervention.
- Participants' behavioral engagement, future intentions, and personal norms were assessed.
Main Results:
- Contest interventions led to more intensive behavioral engagement.
- Norm-based interventions were associated with higher intentions for future energy conservation and stronger personal norms for non-targeted pro-environmental behaviors.
Conclusions:
- Contest-based interventions frame gain goals, promoting intensive but instrumental engagement.
- Norm-based interventions frame normative goals, activating obligations and future pro-environmental motivation.
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