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Related Concept Videos

Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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StimulStat: A lexical database for Russian.

Svetlana Alexeeva1, Natalia Slioussar2,3, Daria Chernova2

  • 1St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Galernya 58/60, 190000, Russia. mail@s-alexeeva.ru.

Behavior Research Methods
|December 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

StimulStat is a new lexical database for the Russian language, offering over 1.7 million word forms and 52,000 lemmas. This resource provides crucial psycholinguistic data for researchers studying language processing.

Keywords:
FrequencyGrammatical propertiesLexical databaseNeighborhoodRussian

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Lexicography

Background:

  • Lexical databases are essential tools for psycholinguistic research.
  • Existing resources for the Russian language may lack comprehensive psycholinguistic properties.
  • There is a need for a centralized, searchable database of Russian lemmas and word forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce StimulStat, a novel web-based lexical database for the Russian language.
  • To provide a comprehensive collection of Russian lemmas and word forms with extensive psycholinguistic characteristics.
  • To make this resource freely accessible to the research community.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of a lexical database containing over 52,000 Russian lemmas and 1.7 million word forms.
  • Characterization of lemmas and forms using more than 70 psycholinguistically relevant properties.
  • Integration of properties from existing dictionaries and computation of new properties.
  • Development of a web application for searchable access to the database.

Main Results:

  • StimulStat database successfully created, featuring over 52,000 lemmas and 1.7 million word forms.
  • Database includes over 70 psycholinguistic properties, such as frequency, length, phonological and grammatical features, neighborhood characteristics, and ambiguity.
  • Properties were aggregated from various sources and newly computed, offering a unique, searchable collection.
  • The web application provides free and open access to the StimulStat database.

Conclusions:

  • StimulStat represents a significant advancement in lexical resources for Russian psycholinguistic research.
  • The database offers a rich, multi-property characterization of Russian words, facilitating diverse research.
  • The free web accessibility of StimulStat is expected to promote wider use and further research in Russian language processing.