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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

G Michael Tibbitts

    Postgraduate Medicine
    |December 9, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis presents in three main ways, impacting prognosis. Early, aggressive multi-drug therapy is crucial for remission in this chronic childhood condition.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Rheumatology
    • Immunology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a significant cause of chronic illness and disability in children.
    • Understanding JRA's varied presentations is key to effective management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the three primary disease presentations of JRA.
    • To explore the relationship between these presentations and patient prognosis.
    • To discuss the roles of infection and heredity in JRA etiology.
    • To evaluate early aggressive therapeutic strategies and agents for inducing remission.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
    • Analysis of clinical data pertaining to disease presentation, prognosis, and treatment outcomes.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

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    An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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    Main Results:

    • Identification of three distinct patterns of JRA disease presentation.
    • Correlation established between specific presentations and long-term prognosis.
    • Evidence suggests potential roles for infectious agents and genetic predisposition in JRA development.
    • Early combination therapy shows promise for achieving remission.

    Conclusions:

    • The three JRA presentations have significant prognostic implications.
    • Prompt, aggressive, multi-agent treatment is recommended for optimal outcomes.
    • Further research into JRA's etiology, including infectious and genetic factors, is warranted.