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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
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Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer

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Rectal cancer.

Robert Sexe, Brent W Miedema

    Postgraduate Medicine
    |December 9, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Rectal cancer surgery can spare the anal sphincter in select patients. Decisions on iliac lymphadenectomy and the timing of radiation and chemotherapy depend on individual patient factors and recent therapeutic advances.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Surgical Oncology
    • Gastrointestinal Oncology

    Background:

    • Rectal cancer treatment involves complex decisions regarding surgical techniques and adjuvant therapies.
    • Optimizing patient outcomes requires careful consideration of sphincter preservation and lymph node management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss recent advances in rectal cancer therapy.
    • To address key clinical questions regarding surgical indications and neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines on rectal cancer management.
    • Discussion of evolving trends in surgical approaches and multimodal therapy.

    Main Results:

    • Identification of criteria for anal sphincter sparing in rectal cancer surgery.
    • Guidelines for patient selection for iliac lymphadenectomy.
    • Analysis of the optimal timing for radiation therapy and chemotherapy relative to surgery.

    Conclusions:

    • Surgical decisions, including sphincter preservation and lymphadenectomy, should be individualized.
    • The timing of neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemoradiation is a critical factor in rectal cancer treatment planning.