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Related Concept Videos

Loose Connective Tissue01:26

Loose Connective Tissue

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Loose connective tissue is found between many organs. Its main function is to absorb shock and bind tissues together. It also allows water, salts, and various nutrients to diffuse into cells that are embedded in it or present in adjacent tissues.
Adipose Tissue
Adipose tissue consists primarily of fat storage cells called adipocytes and little extracellular matrix. A large number of capillaries present within adipose tissue allow rapid mobilization of lipid molecules. White adipose tissue is...
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Dense Connective Tissue01:13

Dense Connective Tissue

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Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than loose connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue— regular and irregular.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
In dense regular connective tissue, fibers are arranged parallel to each other, enhancing its tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular...
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Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

Introduction to Connective Tissues

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Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts,...
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Overview of Connective Tissues Proper01:25

Overview of Connective Tissues Proper

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Connective tissue proper is a class of connective tissue that encompasses all mature connective tissues except bone, cartilage, blood, and lymph. This extensive class of tissues has two subclasses — loose and dense connective tissues — classified based on the protein fiber arrangement and the amount of ground substance. 
The loose connective tissues have a meshwork of thin collagen and elastin fibers, which provide tensile strength for support and enough elasticity to move...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
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Locally Aggressive Connective Tissue Tumors.

Mrinal M Gounder1, David M Thomas1, William D Tap1

  • 1Mrinal M. Gounder and William D. Tap, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weil Cornell Medical School, New York, NY; and David M. Thomas, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|December 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers desmoid tumors (DT), tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT), and giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB). These intermediate connective tissue tumors are locally aggressive, requiring multidisciplinary management and further research for optimal treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Intermediate connective tissue tumors, including desmoid tumor (DT), tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), are characterized by local aggressiveness and rare metastatic potential.
  • These tumors, originating from soft tissue and bone, can infiltrate critical organs, leading to significant morbidity, including pain, functional loss, and life-threatening obstructions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complexities of natural history, biology, and clinical management of DT, TGCT, and GCTB.
  • To highlight common challenges and recommend optimal management strategies for these intermediate tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment outcomes of DT, TGCT, and GCTB.
  • Analysis of current management approaches, including observation, surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies.

Main Results:

  • Despite recurrent molecular aberrations, DT, TGCT, and GCTB exhibit variable natural histories.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for management, with observation being suitable for some DT and TGCT cases.
  • Surgical, radiation, and systemic therapies present significant challenges, including high recurrence rates, morbidities, and toxicities, with many unanswered questions regarding optimal use and endpoints.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of DT, TGCT, and GCTB necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, carefully weighing intervention risks against disease progression.
  • Further research is needed to address uncertainties in therapy duration, efficacy endpoints, and the validation of predictive biomarkers and novel trial designs.