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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.7K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

2.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.2K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

28.2K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.2K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5.7K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
08:56

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

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iPSC Reprogramming Is Not Just an Open and Shut Case.

Peter C Scacheri1, Paul J Tesar1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|December 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Chromatin accessibility changes during cell reprogramming. New studies map these dynamics in detail as mouse cells become pluripotent stem cells.

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Genomics
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cellular Reprogramming

Background:

  • Cellular identity is maintained by epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin structure.
  • Understanding how chromatin changes during cell fate transitions is crucial for regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells.
  • To provide a high-resolution map of epigenetic alterations accompanying cell identity transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide mapping of chromatin accessibility using techniques like ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing).
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) during reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

More Related Videos

Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model
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Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model

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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
08:56

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

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Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model
10:32

Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model

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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

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Main Results:

  • Detailed maps reveal dynamic opening and closing of specific genomic regions as fibroblasts gain pluripotency.
  • Identification of key regulatory elements and transcription factors involved in chromatin remodeling during reprogramming.
  • Correlation between chromatin accessibility changes and the activation/repression of cell-type-specific genes.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin accessibility is a critical and dynamic feature of cellular reprogramming.
  • These findings offer new insights into the epigenetic landscape governing cell fate decisions.
  • The detailed maps provide a valuable resource for understanding and potentially improving reprogramming protocols.