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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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Published on: August 12, 2013

Robust interferometer with external phase-shift control.

José A Ferrari, Jorge L Flores, Gastón A Ayubi

|December 10, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a robust, vibration-insensitive interferometer. Its novel design uses external phase-shift control without moving parts, enhancing stability for optical measurements.

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Area of Science:

Optical Physics
Interferometry
Metrology

Background:

Traditional interferometers often require moving parts, limiting their stability and sensitivity to vibrations.
Developing vibration-insensitive optical measurement devices is crucial for precise scientific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel interferometer design with external phase-shift control.
To demonstrate a robust and vibration-insensitive optical measurement system.

Main Methods:

Designed a common-path interferometer utilizing a single collimated beam.
Employed a calcite plate for polarization-selective lateral translation and superposition of reference and test waves.
Implemented external phase-shift control without mechanical components.

Main Results:

The proposed interferometer exhibits high vibration insensitivity due to its unique architecture.
Validation experiments confirm the device's robust performance.
The one-beam, single-element design simplifies the optical setup.

Conclusions:

The developed interferometer offers a stable and reliable platform for optical measurements.
The absence of moving parts and effective phase control contribute to its enhanced performance.
This technology has potential applications in various fields requiring precise optical sensing.