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Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding
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Neohormones in milk.

Richard Ivell1, Ravinder Anand-Ivell2

  • 1School of Biosciences & School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|December 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian neohormones like oxytocin and relaxin are present in milk, influencing offspring development. Further research is needed to understand these lactocrine systems across species and organs.

Keywords:
INSL3human chorionic gonadotrophininsulin-like peptide 3neohormoneoxytocinrelaxin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Reproductive Science

Background:

  • Neohormone systems are crucial for mammalian adaptations like pregnancy and lactation.
  • Neohormones, including oxytocin and relaxin, are integral components of milk.
  • These milk-borne hormones can impact offspring physiology and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of neohormones in milk.
  • To explore the physiological and epigenetic effects of milk-borne hormones on neonatal development.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in understanding lactocrine systems in mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of neohormone presence and function in mammalian milk.
  • Studies on the uptake and effects of milk-borne hormones in neonatal offspring (e.g., pigs).
  • Investigating physiological and epigenetic impacts on target organs.

Main Results:

  • Neohormones like relaxin are found in early milk and absorbed by the neonate's gastrointestinal tract.
  • Absorbed relaxin enters the neonatal circulation and exerts specific effects.
  • Evidence suggests potential physiological and epigenetic influences on neonatal reproductive systems.

Conclusions:

  • Neohormones in milk (lactocrine system) play a significant role in mammalian neonatal development.
  • Relaxin in pig milk demonstrates the transfer and impact of these hormones.
  • Further research is essential to fully elucidate lactocrine systems for various neohormones, species, and neonatal organs.