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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Microinjection of Corn Planthopper, Peregrinus maidis, Embryos for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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CRISPR-Based Gene Drives for Pest Control.

Gus R McFarlane¹, C Bruce A Whitelaw¹, Simon G Lillico¹

¹The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.

Trends in Biotechnology

|December 10, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based gene drives offer a novel method for altering wild populations. This study highlights two sex-ratio distorting gene drives with potential for effective pest management applications.

Keywords:

CRISPR gene drive genetic engineering pest control

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Area of Science:

Genetics
Ecology
Pest Management

Background:

Gene drives (GDs) utilize CRISPR technology to spread genetic modifications through wild populations.
The development of gene drive technology in vertebrates is rapidly advancing.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight two specific types of sex-ratio distorting gene drives.
To discuss their potential as tools for pest management.

Main Methods:

Review and theoretical discussion of sex-ratio distorting gene drives.
Focus on CRISPR-based systems.

Main Results:

Identification of two promising sex-ratio distorting gene drive strategies.
Assessment of their potential for population modification.

Conclusions:

Sex-ratio distorting gene drives present a viable strategy for pest control.
Further research and development are warranted for vertebrate applications.