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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

10.9K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Data Collection by Experiments01:13

Data Collection by Experiments

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Data collection is a systematic method of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. An experimental study is a standard method of data collection that involves the manipulation of the samples by applying some form of treatment prior to data collection. It refers to manipulating one variable to determine its changes on another variable. The sample subjected to treatment is known as “experimental units.”
An example of the experimental method is a public...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
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Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

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Narrative Language Sampling in Typical Development: Implications for Clinical Trials.

Marie Moore Channell1, Susan J Loveall2, Frances A Conners3

  • 1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
|December 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study tracked expressive language development in children and adolescents (ages 4-21). Narrative language samples revealed that syntactic complexity and lexical diversity increase with age until 18 years.

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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Expressive language development is crucial for communication.
  • Narrative language sampling is a valuable tool for assessing language skills.
  • Understanding age-related changes in expressive language is essential for identifying developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine age-related changes in expressive language variables using a narrative sampling procedure.
  • To assess the effectiveness of narrative language sampling across a wide age range (4-21 years).
  • To establish normative data for expressive language development in typically developing individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study design was employed.
  • Narrative language samples were collected from 103 typically developing individuals aged 4-21 years.
  • Analysis focused on syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, unintelligibility, dysfluency, and talkativeness.

Main Results:

  • The narrative language sampling procedure was effective across the entire 4-21 year age range.
  • Syntactic complexity and lexical diversity showed significant age-related increases up to 18 years.
  • Other language measures exhibited different patterns of age-related change.

Conclusions:

  • The narrative procedure effectively characterizes expressive language development from age 4 to 21.
  • Data provide developmental benchmarks for the narrative procedure and its metrics.
  • This method is suitable as an outcome measure for clinical trials in intellectual and developmental disabilities.