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Updated: Feb 17, 2026
Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
Published on: December 11, 2019
Diagnostic accuracy of multi-lead ECGs obtained using a pocket-sized bipolar handheld event recorder
Ani Nigolian1, Nicolas Dayal1, Haïg Nigolian2
1Cardiology Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background:
Handheld ECG event recorders are useful for rhythm monitoring but only record a single lead, which may limit interpretation. We sought to investigate if a multi-lead ECG may be reconstituted using this device, and aimed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy.
Methods:
A commercially-available handheld bipolar ECG event recorder was used to reconstruct a 9-lead ECG (leads I, II and III, V1-6). Tracings were analyzed independently by a cardiologist and a fellow.
Results:
A total of 52 patients were evaluated. Accuracy was excellent (85-98%) for identifying atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, bundle branch block and left ventricular hypertrophy, but lower (77-88%) for ST-segment changes and prolonged QTc.
Conclusions:
A 9-lead ECG can be reconstituted using a handheld single-lead ECG event recorder, and provides good diagnostic accuracy for common findings.
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