Child Physical Abuse, Non-anemic Iron Deficiency and Behavior Problems

Child abuse is regarded as a life-course social determinant of health problems. However, little is known about the nutritional status of physically abused children and their cumulative effect on child behavior. The present study aimed to examine the non-anemic iron deficiency status of abused children and the combined effect of physical abuse and non-anemic iron deficiency on child behavior in China.

This cross-sectional study comprised 314 children aged 11-14 (12.30±0.57) years old from Jintan, China. Children self-reported their physical abuse experiences and behavior problems. Blood iron and hemoglobin concentrations were also measured.

Thirty-eight percent of children reported physical abuse experience, 17.5% had non-anemic iron deficiency, and the two risk factors co-occurred in 8.0% children. Physically abused children were more likely to be affected by non-anemic iron deficiency than their non-abused counterparts. Children who had experienced both physical abuse and non-anemic iron deficiency reported more behavior problems than children with neither or either risk factors.

Physically abused children are more likely to have non-anemic iron deficiency. Children with the presence of both physical abuse experience and non-anemic iron deficiency have more behavior problems. There is a need to prevent both child abuse and non-anemic iron deficiency simultaneously to maintain normal child behavior development.