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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.4K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
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Differences in trochlear parameters between native and prosthetic kinematically or mechanically aligned knees.

C Rivière1, F Iranpour1, S Harris1

  • 1MSK Lab, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, W6 8RP London, UK.

Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research : OTSR
|December 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Both mechanical (MA) and kinematic (KA) alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) understuff the native trochlear surface and result in a more valgus groove. Significant differences in trochlear fill and groove alignment exist between MA and KA techniques.

Keywords:
Kinematic alignmentStuffingTotal knee arthroplastyTrochleae

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanical engineering
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) aims to restore knee function through precise implant positioning.
  • Kinematic alignment (KA) and mechanical alignment (MA) are distinct philosophies for femoral component placement in TKA.
  • Differences in alignment techniques may impact prosthetic trochlear parameters and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the trochlear fill and groove orientation of prosthetic components created using KA versus MA techniques.
  • To test the hypotheses that MA and KA femoral implants understuff the native trochlear surface and poorly restore native groove orientation.
  • To evaluate differences in prosthetic trochlear groove orientation and fill between MA and KA.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional femur models were created from MRI scans of patients with medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis.
  • In-house software was used to perform both KA and MA of a cruciate-retaining femoral component.
  • Differences in trochlear fit parameters between native and prosthetic trochleae, and between KA and MA, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • MA prosthetic trochleae understuffed the native medial facet and proximal groove/lateral facet, with an 8° more valgus groove orientation compared to native.
  • KA prosthetic trochleae understuffed the proximal native trochleae, with a 6° more valgus groove orientation.
  • KA resulted in less distal medial facet understuffing and a groove orientation 2° less valgus and 3° more internally rotated than MA.

Conclusions:

  • Both MA and KA techniques result in significant understuffing of the native trochlear anatomy and a more valgus prosthetic groove.
  • Distinct differences in trochlear fill and groove alignment were observed between MA and KA techniques.
  • Future femoral component designs for KA may improve patient satisfaction by better restoring native trochlear anatomy.