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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Veterinary Oncology Immunotherapies.

Philip J Bergman1

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Cancer immunotherapy agents aim to target tumors precisely and prevent recurrence. This review explores promising approaches in human trials and veterinary medicine for effective cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field.
  • It is now a primary cancer treatment modality.
  • Ideal agents must target cancer cells selectively and prevent tumor recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review promising cancer immunotherapy approaches.
  • Highlight agents tested in human clinical trials.
  • Include strategies evaluated in veterinary medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cancer immunotherapy research.
  • Focus on approaches with clinical trial data.
  • Inclusion of veterinary applications.

Main Results:

  • Several immunotherapy strategies show promise in human trials.
  • Veterinary medicine offers insights into immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Discrimination between cancer and normal cells is key.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer immunotherapy is a vital and expanding treatment pillar.
  • Promising approaches are emerging for human and animal cancers.
  • Further research is needed to optimize immunotherapy agents.