Resolution of vocal fold immobility in preterm infants

Area of Science:

• Neonatal care
• Pediatric pulmonology
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Vocal fold immobility (VFI) is a known complication in preterm infants, often associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation and mechanical ventilation.
• Resolution of VFI is uncommon in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify factors associated with the resolution of VFI in preterm infants.
• To understand the long-term outcomes of VFI in this population.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study was conducted on preterm infants (<37 weeks gestation) diagnosed with VFI.
• Infants were divided into cohorts based on VFI resolution during follow-up.
• Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine predictive factors for VFI resolution.

Main Results:

• Of 71 infants with VFI, 23.9% experienced resolution over a median follow-up of 25.7 months.
• Infants with VFI resolution had higher gestational age and birth weight compared to those without resolution.
• PDA ligation was associated with a lower likelihood of VFI resolution (OR 0.2).

Conclusions:

• Lower birth weight and gestational age are associated with decreased VFI resolution.
• PDA ligation is a significant risk factor for both the development and persistence of VFI in preterm infants.
• Findings can guide prognosis and treatment decisions for preterm infants with VFI.