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Updated: Feb 17, 2026
A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking
Published on: July 9, 2016
Quantitative Postural Analysis of Children With Congenital Visual Impairment
Michelle de Pádua1, Juliana F Sauer1, Silvia M A João1
1Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare the postural alignment of children with visual impairment with that of children without visual impairment.
Methods:
The sample studied was 74 children of both sexes ages 5 to 12 years. Of these, 34 had visual impairment and 40 were control children. Digital photos from the standing position were used to analyze posture. Postural variables, such as tilt of the head, shoulder position, scapula position, lateral deviation of the spine, ankle position in the frontal plane and head posture, angle of thoracic kyphosis, angle of lumbar lordosis, pelvis position, and knee position in the frontal and sagittal planes, were measured with the Postural Assessment Software 0.63, version 36 (SAPO, São Paulo, Brazil), with markers placed in predetermined bony landmarks.
Results:
The main results of this study showed that children with visual impairment have increased head tilt (P < .001), shoulder deviation in frontal plane (P = .004), lateral deviation of the spine (P < .001), changes in scapula position (P = .012), higher thoracic kyphosis (P = .004), and lower lumbar lordosis (P < .001).
Conclusions:
Visual impairment influences postural alignment. Children with visual impairment had increased head tilt, uneven shoulders, greater lateral deviation of the spine, thoracic kyphosis, lower lumbar lordosis, and more severe valgus deformities on knees.
