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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes
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Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes

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Cancer Radiosensitizers.

Hao Wang1, Xiaoyu Mu2, Hua He3

  • 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Number 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; These authors have contributed equally.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|December 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiosensitizers enhance radiation therapy (RT) effectiveness by increasing tumor damage and reducing side effects. This review covers small molecules, nanomaterials, and macromolecules as promising radiosensitizer agents.

Keywords:
cancer radiosensitizermacromoleculesnanomaterialssmall molecules

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Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Radiotherapy (RT) is a critical cancer treatment, but enhancing tumor damage while minimizing healthy tissue side effects remains a challenge.
  • Radiosensitizers are agents designed to improve RT efficacy by increasing DNA damage and free radical production in tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in radiosensitizer development.
  • To highlight the diverse classes of radiosensitizers, including small molecules, nanomaterials, and macromolecules.
  • To discuss the potential of these agents in improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on small molecule radiosensitizers (free radicals, pseudosubstrates).
  • Analysis of nanomaterial radiosensitizers, with emphasis on gold-based materials.
  • Examination of macromolecule radiosensitizers and their combination with biological therapy and drug delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Small molecules offer various mechanisms to enhance radiosensitivity.
  • Nanomaterials, particularly gold-based ones, show promise due to their properties.
  • Macromolecules present advantages for combined therapies and targeted drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Radiosensitizers, including small molecules, nanomaterials, and macromolecules, are crucial for advancing radiotherapy.
  • Further research into radioresistance mechanisms and interdisciplinary approaches is needed.
  • Optimizing radiosensitizers can lead to more effective and safer cancer treatments.