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Sneezing in Primary Headaches With Cranial Autonomic Symptoms: Pathophysiological Considerations. A Series of Case
1Department of Evaluation and Treatment of Pain, Clinical Neuroscience Federation, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, FHU INOVPAIN, France.
Objective:
To report a case series of sneezing systematically occurring in two cases with migraine and cranial autonomic symptoms and two with cluster headache.
Background:
Sneezing occurring systematically during cluster headache or migraine is a rare condition. Sneezing has been described as a specific trigger for migraine.
Methods:
Case reports.
Case Series:
We describe four patients with primary headaches, presenting systematic sneezing at a definite time of premonitory, postdromal, or headache phase. All of these headaches were associated with cranial autonomic symptoms.
Conclusion:
Sneezing is a symptom associated with primary headaches. The definite place of sneezing in these patients suggests a particular implication of hypothalamus in the pathophysiology of these cases.
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