Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

210
Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
210
Understanding the Self01:28

Understanding the Self

311
The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the...
311
Introduction to Statistical Process Control01:15

Introduction to Statistical Process Control

663
Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a method used to monitor and control quality within processes, particularly in manufacturing and service delivery, by employing statistical methods. SPC aims to distinguish between natural (common cause) variation and variation due to specific changes or events (special cause), allowing for timely improvements and sustained quality. The control chart, a pivotal tool in SPC, visually displays data over time alongside a central line of upper and lower control...
663
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

56.1K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
56.1K
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

4.7K
When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How to Improve the Reliability of Aperiodic Parameter Estimates in M/EEG: A Method Comparison.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same author

Changes in aperiodic (1/<i>f</i> slope) activity during a picture-word interference task: Effects of congruency and sequence manipulations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

How to Improve the Reliability of Aperiodic Parameter Estimates in M/EEG: A Method Comparison and Recommendations for Best Practices.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Effects of Aging, Fitness, and Cerebrovascular Status on White Matter Microstructural Health.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Single-Trial Detection and Classification of Event-Related Optical Signals for a Brain-Computer Interface Application.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour by increasing physical activity, on cognitive function, brain function and structure across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

British journal of sports medicine·2024
Same journal

Neural Sensitivity to Conversational Inter-Speaker Gaps in the Broad Autism Phenotype.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

Open Communication Can Lead to Equivalent EEG Data Quality for Black Women: Multilevel Modeling Interindividual Differences on Emotional Scene and Face Perception.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

What's in a Mean? Comparing Interbeat Interval Averaging Methods Across Variability Levels and Window Lengths.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

Model-Free and Model-Based Learning in Human Fear Conditioning.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

Examining the Impact of Acute Exercise and Arousal Reappraisal on Stressor-Evoked Psychological and Cardiovascular Responses.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Hierarchical Dimensions of Psychopathology.

Psychophysiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
05:59

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis

Published on: October 6, 2023

3.3K

Brain reflections: A circuit-based framework for understanding information processing and cognitive control.

Gabriele Gratton1

  • 1Psychology Department and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

Psychophysiology
|December 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a cognitive architecture where brain activity levels control information processing. Oscillatory brain activity selects and maintains information, while brief bursts facilitate new representations for cognitive control.

Keywords:
ERPsalphabetacognitive controlgammainformation processingoscillatory brain activitytheta rhythms

More Related Videos

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
09:43

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Published on: April 15, 2014

11.0K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
16:08

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

16.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
05:59

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis

Published on: October 6, 2023

3.3K
A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
09:43

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Published on: April 15, 2014

11.0K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
16:08

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

16.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cognitive control enables adaptation to changing task demands.
  • Brain activity reflects neural representation excitability, encoding stimuli, context, plans, and goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a novel cognitive architecture for human information processing.
  • Explain how this architecture supports cognitive control and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Interpreting brain activity as neural excitability levels.
  • Modeling information processing through feed-forward and feedback circuits.
  • Analyzing the role of oscillatory activity (gamma, alpha, beta) in representation selection and maintenance.

Main Results:

  • Introduced a three-circuit model: open (feed-forward), positive feedback (sustained oscillations), and negative feedback (bursts).
  • Feed-forward circuits spread activation; oscillatory activity controls this spread.
  • Sustained oscillations select and maintain representations; brief bursts facilitate representational changes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed architecture explains how the brain adapts to tasks via controlled activation spread.
  • Oscillatory dynamics are crucial for selecting, maintaining, and updating neural representations.
  • This framework accounts for various psychological and behavioral phenomena related to cognitive control.