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Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

13.5K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
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Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

3.8K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
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Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:34

Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

5.0K
Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursors are imported to the inner membrane in a multistep process involving two separate translocons, TIM22 and TIM23. TIM23 is a cation-selective pore that remains closed by the N terminal segment of the protein. Negative charges on the TIM23 act as a receptor for the incoming precursor, pulling the positively charged matrix-targeting sequence for peptide insertion and translocation.
Transport of mitochondrial precursors across the TIM23 channel is driven by...
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Interactions with and Membrane Permeabilization of Brain Mitochondria by Amyloid Fibrils
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Interactions with and Membrane Permeabilization of Brain Mitochondria by Amyloid Fibrils

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Interaction between Viral Proteins and Mitochondria.

Takuma Yoshizumi, Kai Yasukawa, Takumi Koshiba

    Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi = Hukuoka Acta Medica
    |December 12, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mitochondria are key players in antiviral defense, acting as signaling hubs. Viruses can hijack mitochondria to evade the host immune response.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Immunology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Mitochondria are increasingly recognized for roles beyond energy production and apoptosis.
    • They serve as critical signaling hubs in cellular processes.
    • Mitochondria are central to innate immunity against RNA viruses in vertebrates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the specific interactions between mitochondria and viral proteins.
    • To discuss the physiological effects of these interactions on host cells.
    • To highlight the role of mitochondria in antiviral defense and viral evasion strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent advances in mitochondrial antiviral immunity.
    • Analysis of studies detailing viral protein interactions with mitochondria.

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    Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
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  • Discussion of signaling pathways involving retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS).

    • Main Results:

    • Mitochondria act as platforms for antiviral signaling molecule assembly, notably MAVS.
    • Activation of the RIG-I-like receptor pathway is crucial for mitochondrial antiviral immunity.
    • Some viruses target mitochondria post-infection to evade cellular immune responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Mitochondria play a multifaceted role in host defense against RNA viruses.
    • Viral proteins interacting with mitochondria can subvert host immunity.
    • Understanding these interactions is vital for developing antiviral strategies.