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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

A Highly Reproducible and Straightforward Method to Perform In Vivo Ocular Enucleation in the Mouse after Eye Opening
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Eye opening differentially modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in the developing visual cortex.

Wuqiang Guan1, Jun-Wei Cao1, Lin-Yun Liu1

  • 1Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Elife
|December 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eye opening significantly alters inhibitory connections in the developing mouse visual cortex. Specific interneuron pathways weaken, while others strengthen, impacting cortical circuit maturation.

Keywords:
developmenteye openingfast-spiking interneuronsmouseneurosciencesomatostatin-expressing interneuronssynaptic transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Eye opening is a critical developmental event influencing cortical maturation.
  • The specific impact of eye opening on inhibitory synaptic connections remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise effects of eye opening on inhibitory synaptic transmission in the developing visual cortex.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these changes and their functional implications.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings of unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uIPSCs) in mouse visual cortex.
  • Manipulation of visual experience through dark rearing and lid suture.
  • Analysis of postsynaptic quantal size.

Main Results:

  • Eye opening caused a decrease in uIPSC strength from somatostatin-expressing interneurons (Sst-INs) to excitatory neurons.
  • Eye opening led to an increase in uIPSC strength from fast-spiking interneurons (FS-INs) to excitatory neurons.
  • These changes were dependent on visual experience and linked to alterations in quantal size.

Conclusions:

  • Eye opening differentially regulates GABAergic circuits in the visual cortex.
  • These experience-dependent synaptic modifications are crucial for cortical maturation and function.