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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cell-based immunotherapy in gynecologic malignancies.

Bruce Schaar1,2, Venkatesh Krishnan1,2, Supreeti Tallapragada1,2

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Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) shows promise for solid tumors, especially gynecological cancers, by genetically engineering T cells to target cancer. This approach may overcome immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • Solid tumors, including gynecological cancers, present unique challenges for immunotherapy.
  • Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an evolving treatment modality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles, safety, and efficacy of ACT in solid tumors.
  • To focus on ACT applications in gynecological cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on ACT for solid tumors.
  • Analysis of T cell-based strategies, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and genetically modified T cells.

Main Results:

  • ACT, particularly using TILs and engineered T cells, demonstrates promising efficacy in select patients with solid tumors.
  • Recent FDA approvals for gene therapies in leukemia highlight advancements in T cell-based cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic engineering of T cells offers a strategy to target tumor-associated antigens.
  • ACT has the potential to overcome immune-suppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment, enhancing immunotherapy effectiveness.