Changing the Treatment Direction for Opiate Addiction: Dr. Dole's Research
Herman Joseph1,2, Joycelyn Sue Woods2,3,4
1a National Research and Development (Emeritus) , New York , New York , USA.
Abstract:
Under the leadership of Drs. Vincent P. Dole, Marie Nyswander, and Mary Jeanne Kreek, in collaboration with the psychologist, Norman Gordon and sociologist, Herman Joseph at The Rockefeller University beginning in the 1960s, the first medical treatment for heroin addiction was developed. Drs. Dole, Nyswander and Kreek also developed the first hypothesis of opiate addiction as a metabolic disease. This biological revolution challenged beliefs about addiction, spurred further research and challenged legal positions of the judiciary and the broader criminal justice system (Dole & Nyswander, 1967 ).
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