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Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
Published on: June 14, 2019
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Human Papillomavirus Genome Integration and Head and Neck Cancer.
L M Pinatti1,2, H M Walline2, T E Carey2
11 Cancer Biology Program, Program in the Biomedical Sciences, Rackham Graduate School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Journal of Dental Research
|December 12, 2017
Summary
Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration into host genomes is not essential for oral cancer but frequently occurs. Integration may drive oncogenesis in head and neck cancers by altering gene expression.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Virology
- Genetics
Background:
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to various cancers, including oral and oropharyngeal types.
- HPV integration into the host genome is observed in cervical and head and neck cancers, but its necessity for oncogenesis is debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review HPV integration in oral/oropharyngeal cancers.
- To investigate HPV integration sites, viral-host fusion transcripts, and their role in HPV-associated oncogenesis.
- To explore the oncogenic mechanisms of HPV integration in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).
Main Methods:
- Literature review of HPV-induced cancers and HPV-related oral/oropharyngeal cancer data.
- Studies to identify HPV integration sites and their relationship to viral-host fusion transcripts.
- Analysis of HPV integration in HNSCC cell lines and primary tumors.
Main Results:
- HPV integration is not required for the viral life cycle or cellular transformation but is frequent in cancer specimens.
- Integration in early cervical lesions often occurs in gene-poor regions, suggesting a stochastic event.
- In HNSCCs, integration into cancer-related genes can cause disruption, altered gene expression, and potentially drive tumor recurrence.
- Integration near microRNAs may also contribute to oncogenesis through altered regulatory molecule expression.
Conclusions:
- HPV integration, while not essential, can act as an additional oncogenic mechanism in HNSCCs.
- Integration-induced alterations in gene expression and microRNA regulation are implicated in cancer development.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which HPV integration affects cancer cell behavior.
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