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The second agent effect: Interpersonal predictive coding in people with schizophrenia.

Łukasz Okruszek1, Aleksandra Piejka2, Adam Wysokiński3

  • 1a Clinical Neuroscience Lab , Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland.

Social Neuroscience
|December 12, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with schizophrenia (SCZ) show intact interpersonal predictive coding (IPC) abilities, similar to healthy controls (HC). This suggests reflexive processes are preserved, while reflective processes may impact social functioning in SCZ.

Keywords:
Schizophreniabiological motioncommunicative interactionsinterpersonal predictive codingsignal detection theorysocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Social cognition
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Interpersonal predictive coding (IPC) involves using one agent's actions to predict another's response.
  • IPC integrates explicit reflective and automatic reflexive processes.
  • Deficits in predictive coding are hypothesized to contribute to schizophrenia (SCZ) positive symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate interpersonal predictive coding (IPC) in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ).
  • To compare IPC performance between SCZ patients and healthy controls (HC).
  • To explore the relationship between IPC, mentalizing abilities, and SCZ symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-nine SCZ patients and 22 HC completed a simultaneous masking detection task.
  • Participants observed communicative (Com) versus individual (Ind) actions of agent A.
  • They reported the presence of agent B, who appeared in 50% of trials.

Main Results:

  • A lowered detection criterion after Com actions (vs. Ind) was observed in both SCZ and HC groups, indicating similar predictive coding effects.
  • This effect, reflecting a tendency to infer a second agent's presence, was comparable across groups.
  • Communicative criterion correlated with mentalizing abilities but not with SCZ symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibit intact interpersonal predictive coding (IPC), particularly reflexive processes.
  • Reflexive aspects of IPC appear relatively preserved in SCZ.
  • The level of reflective processes, rather than reflexive ones, may be more critical for social functioning in SCZ.