Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

673

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A review of pathogenesis and pathophysiology

Renjithkumar Kalikkot Thekkeveedu1, Milenka Cuevas Guaman2, Binoy Shivanna2

  • 1Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA.

Respiratory Medicine
|December 13, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic lung disease in premature infants. This review summarizes current literature on BPD pathogenesis and pathophysiology to aid in preventing and managing this condition in extremely low birth weight infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent respiratory complication in preterm infants, impacting approximately 10,000 neonates annually in the US.
  • While BPD incidence remains stable, its underlying pathophysiology has evolved due to advancements in respiratory support for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.
  • The disease arises from an imbalance between lung injury and repair mechanisms during lung development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and synthesize current scientific literature on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of BPD.
  • To offer insights that can advance the prevention and management strategies for severe BPD in ELBW infants.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of existing research on BPD.
  • Synthesis of data on lung injury and repair mechanisms in developing lungs.
  • Analysis of changes in BPD pathophysiology linked to modern respiratory management.

Main Results:

  • The review consolidates current understanding of the complex interplay between lung injury and repair in BPD development.
  • It highlights the evolving nature of BPD pathophysiology, particularly in ELBW infants.
  • The literature indicates a shift in disease mechanisms influenced by improved respiratory care.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of BPD pathogenesis and pathophysiology is crucial for clinical progress.
  • Further research and comprehensive reviews are essential to refine prevention and management of BPD in vulnerable ELBW populations.
  • This review provides a foundation for future therapeutic and preventative strategies targeting BPD.

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaHyperoxiaLung functionPathogenesisPathophysiologyVentilator-induced lung injury

More Related Videos

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats04:27

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Published on: May 4, 2020

6.1K
Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.9K

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
4.8K
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
3.2K
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
3.9K
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
1.9K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
3.9K
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
1.4K