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Broad range chemical profiling of natural deep eutectic solvent extracts using a high performance thin layer

Xiaojie Liu1, Samantha Ahlgren2, Henrie A A J Korthout3

  • 1Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|December 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) offer green chemistry solutions but require new analytical methods. This study developed a HPTLC-MVDA method to analyze NADES efficiency for extracting plant compounds, finding optimal solvent compositions and water content for high yields.

Keywords:
Chemical profilingGinkgoGinsengHigh-performance thin-layer chromatographyNatural deep eutectic solvents

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Phytochemistry

Background:

  • Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are gaining traction in green chemistry for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.
  • Challenges in NADES development include low vapor pressure and high viscosity, necessitating specialized analytical techniques.
  • Effective quality control and product development depend on robust analytical methods for NADES-based extracts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel analytical method for assessing NADES efficiency in extracting plant metabolites.
  • To compare the extraction capabilities of various NADES formulations for compounds from Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng.
  • To investigate the impact of water content on NADES extraction performance.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method coupled with Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA).
  • Application of the HPTLC-MVDA method to analyze extracts obtained using six different NADES compositions.
  • Quali- and quantitative analysis of diverse metabolites including phenolics, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and saponins.

Main Results:

  • The HPTLC-MVDA method successfully analyzed diverse metabolites from G. biloba and P. ginseng extracts using various NADES.
  • Malic acid-choline chloride (1:1) and glycerol-proline-sucrose (9:4:1) were most effective for G. biloba; malic acid-choline chloride (1:1) and malic acid-glucose (1:1) for P. ginseng.
  • NADES showed significantly lower extraction of toxic ginkgolic acids compared to conventional solvents.
  • Optimal extraction yields for target compounds were achieved with approximately 20% water content in the most efficient NADES.

Conclusions:

  • A novel HPTLC-MVDA method is suitable for analyzing NADES-based plant extracts, addressing challenges posed by NADES properties.
  • Specific NADES formulations demonstrate selective extraction efficiencies for different plant matrices and target compounds.
  • NADES offer a greener alternative for extracting valuable compounds while minimizing the co-extraction of undesirable toxic substances like ginkgolic acids.
  • Water content is a critical parameter influencing NADES extraction efficiency, with an optimal level around 20% (w/w).