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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
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Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament: An Anatomic Study.

Kalpit N Shah1, Steven F DeFroda1, James Kristopher Ware1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
|December 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study details the variable origin and consistent insertion points of the lateral patellofemoral ligament (LPFL). Understanding these anatomical landmarks is crucial for accurate surgical reconstruction of the LPFL in cases of knee instability.

Keywords:
anatomic reconstructionlateral patellofemoral ligamentmedial instability

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Medial patellofemoral joint instability can stem from an incompetent lateral patellofemoral ligament (LPFL).
  • Surgical reconstruction of the LPFL is an option, but detailed anatomical data is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely describe the anatomical origin and insertion of the lateral patellofemoral ligament (LPFL).

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of ten fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees.
  • Identification and isolation of the LPFL by elevating the iliotibial band and utilizing a medial parapatellar approach.
  • Measurement of LPFL origin relative to the lateral epicondyle and insertion on the lateral patella.

Main Results:

  • The LPFL origin demonstrated variability, averaging 2.6 mm distal and 10.8 mm anterior to the lateral epicondyle.
  • LPFL insertion was consistently located in the middle third of the lateral patella, averaging 45% of its lateral articular surface.
  • Measurements provide specific anatomical landmarks for the LPFL.

Conclusions:

  • The lateral patellofemoral ligament (LPFL) exhibits a variable origin but a more predictable insertion on the patella.
  • These anatomical findings offer critical guidance for surgeons performing LPFL reconstructions.
  • Accurate anatomical reconstruction can lead to improved surgical outcomes for knee instability.