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Related Experiment Videos

Water movement: does thermodynamic interpretation distort reality?

A Essig1, S R Caplan

  • 1Department of Physiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118.

The American Journal of Physiology
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

This study refutes Finkelstein's mechanistic model of water flow, arguing it violates the second law of thermodynamics. The authors assert that kinetic variables cannot be determined from equilibrium parameters alone in membrane transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Membrane transport
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Finkelstein's 1987 work challenged irreversible thermodynamics in water flow.
  • He proposed a mechanistic model for water and solute movement across porous membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critique Finkelstein's mechanistic formulation of water and solute flow.
  • To demonstrate the violation of the second law of thermodynamics by the proposed model.
  • To clarify the relationship between kinetic and equilibrium parameters in membrane transport.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of water and solute movement across membranes.
  • Thermodynamic principles applied to critique a mechanistic model.
  • Examination of the reflection coefficient (sigma) in relation to equilibrium parameters.

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Main Results:

  • Finkelstein's model incorrectly allows water movement against its chemical potential gradient.
  • The proposed mechanism necessitates movement against both concentration and pressure gradients at interfaces.
  • A kinetic variable like the reflection coefficient cannot be solely determined from equilibrium measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Finkelstein's mechanistic model for water and solute transport is thermodynamically invalid.
  • Accurate kinetic analysis requires considering all coupled flows, not just equilibrium data.
  • The second law of thermodynamics is fundamental to understanding membrane transport phenomena.