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Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity
Published on: June 25, 2015
Adjuvanted influenza vaccines.
John S Tregoning1, Ryan F Russell1, Ekaterina Kinnear1
1a Mucosal Infection and Immunity group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine , St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London , UK.
Influenza vaccines can be improved with adjuvants, which boost immune responses. While generally safe, rare adverse events and viral evolution necessitate ongoing research for better universal influenza vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Influenza virus evolution reduces vaccine efficacy, posing a significant public health threat.
- Adjuvants enhance immune responses, crucial for pandemic preparedness and vulnerable populations like infants and the elderly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current use, mechanisms, and safety of adjuvants in human influenza vaccines.
- To discuss experimental adjuvants and their potential role in future influenza vaccine development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of licensed and experimental adjuvants for influenza vaccines.
- Analysis of adjuvant mechanisms of action and clinical trial data.
Main Results:
- Six adjuvants (Alum, MF59, AS03, AF03, virosomes, LT) are licensed for human influenza vaccines.
- Most adjuvants are safe and well-tolerated, though rare adverse events (e.g., LT and Bell's Palsy) have been reported.
Conclusions:
- Adjuvants can enhance influenza vaccine efficacy, particularly for next-generation and universal vaccines.
- Further research is needed to optimize adjuvant use and address viral evolution challenges.
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