Acquired chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer

E L Christie1,2, D D L Bowtell1,2

  • 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne.

Insights

Most women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) experience recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. Our research uncovers molecular features and resistance mechanisms in recurrent HGSC, paving the way for better treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) frequently recurs and becomes resistant to chemotherapy.
  • Genomic studies of primary HGSC are common, but recurrent HGSC remains understudied due to sampling difficulties.
  • Understanding molecular changes in recurrent disease is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular characteristics of recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
  • To identify mechanisms driving acquired chemotherapy resistance in HGSC.
  • To discover novel biomarkers for recurrent HGSC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular features in recurrent HGSC samples.
  • Investigation of acquired resistance mechanisms.
  • Biomarker identification studies.

Main Results:

  • Identified key molecular features of recurrent HGSC.
  • Elucidated mechanisms underlying acquired chemotherapy resistance.
  • Discovered potential biomarkers for recurrent disease.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent HGSC possesses distinct molecular characteristics.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms can inform new therapeutic strategies.
  • Identified biomarkers may aid in the management of recurrent HGSC.

Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.8K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
9.0K
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
10.2K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
6.2K
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
718
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
7.2K