Morphogenesis of the secondary palate in mouse embryos with special reference to the development of rugae

Morphological studies of secondary palate formation, with special reference to the development of rugae, were carried out on Jcl:ICR mouse embryos. Three rugae were observed on the anterior part of the future oral surface of the vertically developing palatal shelves in 13-day embryos. Rugae increased in number as the development of the palatal shelves proceeded, and five to six prominent rugae were observed in 14-day embryos just prior to shelf elevation. The folding of these five to six rugae progressed in conjunction with the formation of a sharp, valley-like groove at the base of the anterior two-fifths of the vertical palatal shelves. As palatal shelves elevated, the groove disappeared gradually, and, accordingly, the folding of rugae loosened. In the groove region, the superficial epithelial cells were roundish, while the basal ones were elongated. Such characteristic features were no longer observed when the disappearance of the groove was completed. Eight rugae were observed on the future hard palate of 14-day embryos with already completed palatal fusion. An additional ruga was frequently found in 15-day embryos, and the pattern then was almost the same as that of an adult. Epithelial thickening and condensation at the rugae region, as well as mesenchymal condensation under the epithelium of the rugae, were confirmed in embryos both before and after elevation of the palatal shelves. There is a possibility that these structural characteristics observed in the epithelial and mesenchymal cells of the rugae and groove regions may be related to palatal shelf elevation.