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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Tissue imaging with in situ solid-phase extraction micro-funnel based spray ionization mass spectrometry.

Wan Li1, Xiangfeng Chen1,2, Ze Wang1

  • 11 Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's of Republic China.

European Journal of Mass Spectrometry (Chichester, England)
|December 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A novel imaging mass spectrometry method uses in situ solid-phase extraction to overcome ion suppression, enabling detection of low-abundance compounds. This technique reveals previously unobserved chemical distributions in biological samples.

Keywords:
Imaging mass spectrometrylow-abundance speciessolid-phase extractionspatial distributionstrawberry section

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) faces ion suppression challenges, hindering the detection of low-abundance or low-polarity compounds.
  • Easily ionized matrix components can interfere with the desorption/ionization process, leading to data loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new IMS method to overcome ion suppression effects.
  • To enable imaging of low-abundance and low-polarity chemical components in biological tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sorbent-mounted micro-funnels for in situ solid-phase extraction (SPE) within a spray ionization mass spectrometry setup.
  • Created tissue imprints by pressing biological sections onto a 2D array of micro-funnels.
  • Performed single-pixel SPE on micro-funnels to mitigate matrix effects and employed gradient elution for chemical imaging.

Main Results:

  • Successfully alleviated matrix-related ion suppression effects.
  • Achieved a spatial resolution of approximately 250 µm.
  • Demonstrated the capability to image the spatial distribution of low-abundance and low-polarity chemicals, challenging previous assumptions of non-existence.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed in situ SPE-IMS method effectively enables the imaging of low-abundance chemicals.
  • This technique provides a more comprehensive understanding of chemical distributions in biological samples.
  • The findings suggest that 'not observed' in traditional IMS may indicate limitations of the technique rather than absence of the compound.