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Targeting epigenome with dietary nutrients in cancer: Current advances and future challenges

Mohammad Imran Khan1, Suvasmita Rath1, Vaqar Mustafa Adhami1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.

Pharmacological Research
|December 14, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Dietary bioactive compounds influence epigenetics, impacting gene expression and cancer development. These compounds offer potential for cancer prevention and therapy by modifying the epigenome through mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications.

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Cancer Biology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Molecular Oncology

Background:

  • Tumorigenesis is intricately linked with epigenetic alterations, which regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequence.
  • Epigenetic modifications are heritable and reversible, influencing cellular processes and disease development.
  • Dietary bioactive ingredients are increasingly recognized for their ability to modulate epigenetic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the role of dietary bioactive components in epigenetics.
  • To explore how these components influence the human epigenome for cancer prevention and therapy.
  • To highlight the mechanisms by which bioactive compounds modify epigenetic marks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on dietary bioactive components and epigenetics.
  • Analysis of research on epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs).
  • Synthesis of findings on the impact of bioactive compounds on cancer development and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Dietary bioactive components can modify the epigenome by targeting DNA methylation and histone modifications.
  • Specific bioactive compounds influence microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), key epigenetic regulators.
  • Evidence supports the role of these dietary factors in both cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation by dietary bioactive components presents promising avenues for cancer prevention.
  • Modulating the epigenome with specific nutrients offers potential for novel cancer therapies.
  • Further research into bioactive compounds can lead to targeted epigenetic interventions for cancer treatment.
Keywords:
AcetylationEpigenomeHistonesMethylationNatural productsPolyphenolslncRNAsmiRNAs

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