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Coevolution dynamically alters trade-offs, shifting them from beneficial to costly. This impacts evolutionary trajectories, leading to rapid diversification and altered prey diversity in predator-prey systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Microbial ecology
  • Theoretical biology

Background:

  • Trade-offs are crucial in evolution, shaping trait evolution and preventing a
  • master of all traits
  • scenario.
  • The shape of these trade-offs is often assumed static and independent of evolutionary dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if coevolution can lead to dynamical trade-offs.
  • To explore how these dynamical trade-offs influence evolutionary trajectories and population diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental evolution in a microbial predator-prey system (bacteria and phage).
  • Mathematical modeling incorporating de novo mutations for both predator and prey species.
  • Analysis of trade-off shape (concave vs. convex) and its impact on diversity.

Main Results:

  • The bacterial growth-defense trade-off shifted from concave to convex during coevolution.
  • Concave trade-offs (initially cheap defense) promoted rapid diversification and higher prey diversity.
  • Coevolution resulted in more convex trade-offs (costly defense) and reduced prey diversity compared to prey-only evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Coevolution drives dynamical changes in the shape of trade-offs.
  • The shape of trade-offs significantly impacts evolutionary outcomes, including population diversification and diversity.
  • Understanding dynamical trade-offs is essential for predicting evolutionary trajectories in interacting species.